Trésor-Eco

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Trésor-Economics No. 196 - A contribution to the work on deepening the Banking Union

Creation of Banking Union was spearheaded by the European Council, which opted for this approach on principle in 2012, in response to the financial and sovereign debt crisis, while also bolstering prudential requirements for banks at the same time. Its establishment reflects an in-depth change to the supervision and structure of the European banking system, aiming at better financing the euro area... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Economics No. 195 - Impact of foreign exchange policies for commodity-exporting countries

Commodity prices plummeted between 2014 and 2016. Oil prices fell by half, mineral prices were down by approximately one-third and agricultural raw materials prices tumbled by 20%. Despite the recent upturn in prices, low prices have done considerable damage to exporting countries' current account balances, especially countries without diversified economies.Commodity-exporting countries adjusted i... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Éco n° 195 - Quel impact de la politique de change pour les pays exportateurs de matières premières ?

Entre 2014 et 2016, les prix des matières premières ont fortement diminué : de moitié pour les hydrocarbures, d'environ un tiers pour les minerais et de 20 % pour les produits agricoles.... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Éco n° 194 - La situation économique mondiale au printemps 2017 : amélioration progressive dans un contexte très incertain

Après deux années de ralentissement, l'activité mondiale accélèrerait en 2017 et dans une moindre mesure en 2018. Cette accélération serait portée à la fois par les économies avancées, en premier lieu les États-Unis, et par les économies émergentes, suivant l'amélioration de la situation en Russie et au Brésil.... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Economics No. 194 - The world economy in spring 2017: a gradual improvement amid high uncertainty

After a two-year slowdown, world economic activity should quicken in 2017, continuing at a milder pace in 2018. This acceleration will likely be driven both by the advanced economies–particularly the United States-and the emerging economies, as conditions in Russia and Brazil improve.In the United States, after a slack in 2016, economic growth should gain momentum in 2017 and 2018 thanks to the ne... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Éco n° 193 - Brevets et normalisation technique : comment concilier concurrence et innovation ?

Des systèmes de brevets ont été mis en place afin d'accroître les incitations à l'innovation. Les brevets accordent à leur détenteur un monopole temporaire sur l'exploitation de la technologie brevetée.... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Economics No. 193 - Patents and Technical Standardisation: how to balance Competition and Innovation?

Patent systems were developed to spur innovation. Patents grant their owner a temporary monopoly on the use of the patented technology. Without a patent system (or other means of stimulating innovation), the inventor cannot fully capture the profits resulting from the innovation, and the devoted effort is insufficient. Consequently, patents encourage innovation in exchange for a temporary restrict... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Éco n° 192 - 10 ans après la crise, quels résultats pour le G20 ?

Créé pour traiter des enjeux économiques et financiers internationaux nécessitant une coordination dépassant les seuls pays développés, le Groupe des 20 (G20) s'est imposé depuis la crise de 2007-2009 comme le forum de référence en matière de coopération économique et financière multilatérale.... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Economics No. 192 - The G20's accomplishments, 10 years after the crisis

The Group of Twenty (G20) was created to deal with international economic and financial challenges that require coordination that extends beyond the group of developed countries. After the 2007-2009 crisis, the G20 became the leading forum for multilateral economic and financial cooperation. The G20 initiated coordinated fiscal and monetary stimulus plans on a very large scale. It also decided to... Lire la suite

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Trésor-Economics No. 191 - Overcoming student difficulties at school

France has achieved four of the six objectives in the European Union's strategic framework for Education and Training 2020 (ET2020), namely: reducing the school dropout rate to below 10%, ensuring that over 40% of persons aged 30-34 have a tertiary degree, enrolling over 95% of children aged 4 to 6 in early childhood education, and providing lifelong learning for over 15% of adults.However, in eac... Lire la suite