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Public-Policy

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Lessons from Past Industrial Policies

Rédigé par : B. Alvarez, Ch. Gallezot, Cl. Hida, G. Mouilleseaux

International industrial policy takeaways since 1945 suggest that the identification of market opportunities, competition between players and technology options, and maintaining high performance standards are important factors for success. In France, industrial policy stands out for the significance of vertical interventions and the focus on a small number of large firms.... Lire la suite

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Public Deficit on Target in 2022 Despite the Energy Crisis

Rédigé par : Victor Prieur, Jean Sol Macher, Elsa Trezeguet

The 2022 public deficit stood at 4.7% of GDP, which was similar to the target stipulated in the 2022 Budget Bill drafted in the third quarter of 2021. This Bill could not foresee either the scale of the 2022 energy shock nor that of the measures implemented to support households and businesses. On the other hand, the capacity to revise forecasts rapidly and determined adherence to deficit commitme... Lire la suite