Following a decline in infant mortality, Maghreb countries entered a demographic transition phase in the 1940s and 1950s. A second phase began in the 1960s with birth planning and the subsequent fall in the fertility rate. The age pyramids of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia have undergone rapid changes. This situation should be beneficial for them until 2050. The proportion of the population of worki... Lire la suite
La mondialisation des échanges commerciaux s'est accélérée depuis 1980, avec des gains économiques substantiels au niveau mondial, mais inégalement répartis entre pays et au sein des pays.... Lire la suite
Trade globalisation has accelerated since the early 1980s, generating substantial economic gains globally. However, these gains have not been distributed evenly either across or within countries. Some emerging countries have notably benefited from globalisation and have narrowed their development gap with developed countries, reducing inequality globally.In the developed countries, high-income gro... Lire la suite
Le solde courant allemand, représentant la différence entre l’épargne et l’investissement du pays, légèrement déficitaire en 2000, a atteint le niveau inédit de 261 Mds€ en 2016, soit plus de 8 % du PIB allemand.... Lire la suite
Germany's current account – the difference between domestic saving and investment – was slightly in deficit in 2000. By 2016, it totalled an unprecedented €261bn, or more than 8% of the country's GDP.Wage moderation during the 2000s accounts for up to a third of this surplus. Slower increases in German wages relative to those in the euro area improved Germany's competitiveness within the single cu... Lire la suite
L’inflation mondiale a fortement reculé depuis 2012, s’inscrivant globalement en dessous des cibles des banques centrales. La remontée intervenue depuis un an s’explique essentiellement par le rebond du prix du pétrole et pourrait ne pas persister si la hausse des prix ne se transmettait que faiblement aux salaires.... Lire la suite
Global inflation has declined sharply since 2012 to levels generally below central banks' inflation targets. The uptick over the past year is mainly attributable to a recovery in oil prices, and could be curtailed if higher prices do not feed through significantly to wages. So far, core inflation (excluding food and energy) has remained virtually flat.A long period of low inflation has numerous re... Lire la suite
On peut analyser le commerce international en termes de valeur ajoutée nationale contenue dans les échanges.... Lire la suite
Foreign trade can be analyzed in terms of the domestic value added contained in exchanges. This enables each economy’s own contribution to its exports to be pinpointed, excluding those of other countries involved in the manufacturing process.In the value added approach, the aggregate trade balances of each country are the usual trade balances, but bilateral balances between countries and sectoral... Lire la suite
Economic assessment often relies on the estimates of potential growth and the output gap, an indicator which describes the position of the economy in the cycle. As these notions allow for the breakdown the general government balance into its structural and cyclical components, they also have a strong bearing on the steering of public finances.The uncertainty surrounding estimates of these concepts... Lire la suite