Trésor-Info - Publications de la direction générale du Trésor - QuanttumFlux de publication de la direction générale du Trésor - QuanttumFluxArticlesTag-QuanttumCopyright 20262026-05-22T00:00:00+02:00/favicon.pngDirection générale du Trésorhttps://localhost/sitepublic/contact@dgtresor.gouv.fr8c6c5aba-9c04-4ff8-a4a6-efed34b01f71What Issues Does the Nascent Quantum Computing Sector Raise for the French Economy?Quantum technologies, still in the early stages of development, could eventually produce major productivity gains (up to 8% of GDP). These gains will depend on the technical capabilities achieved by this technology, as well as on the structure of the sector’s value chain, which is currently being overhauled. France, backed by significant government support, has assets which must be further developed to retain its key position on the global stage.2026-05-22T00:00:00+02:00<p>Quantum computing is of growing interest in scientific and economic circles, with France’s Michel Devoret being awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2025, while Alain Aspect received the accolade in 2023. </p>
<p>Quantum computers are currently still at the prototype stage, and there are considerable lingering uncertainties about the conditions of their maturity. However, the potential associated productivity gains could be significant, with foresight methodologies – that remain uncertain – indicating an eventual 8% increase in France’s GDP.</p>
<p>These benefits will be reaped to greater extent in some sectors than in others, particularly those in which such technology will have the most powerful applications (e.g. logistics, finance, pharmaceuticals, chemicals). The potential of quantum computing will only be realised if businesses from these sectors adopt it.</p>
<p>Innovation in quantum computing is currently driven by major digital tech firms and a thriving network of start-ups. The dynamic between these stakeholders spurs competitiveness and investment. However, moves towards consolidation are already underway, with several recent acquisitions. In the long term, this trend could create barriers to entry and foreclosure effects similar to those seen in the AI computer chip sector, restricting the market’s competitiveness and slowing down the technology’s dissemination. </p>
<p>France boasts solid assets within the quantum computing sector, including world-class laboratories, one of the strongest patent portfolios in Europe (relative to GDP) and several leading start-ups. The National Quantum Strategy, launched in January 2021 and financed under the France 2030 Investment Plan, was set up to bolster this ecosystem. There are nevertheless still major obstacles, such as a financing gap that is widening with non-European start-ups. <br /><br /></p>
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